Nordic Backlash Over Remotely Controllable Chinese EV Buses Sparks Security Concerns

It seems like there's a bit of a stir happening in Nordic countries regarding electric buses imported from China. Reports are coming out about concerns over these vehicles being remotely controllable, which has sparked worries about security. It's got governments and folks thinking about what this means for privacy and even national safety, especially when it comes to public transport systems.

Key Takeaways

• Nordic nations are raising alarms about Chinese EV buses that can be controlled remotely, citing significant security risks.

• Concerns include the potential for these remotely controllable Chinese EV buses to be used for espionage or data breaches, impacting national security.

• Governments are increasing scrutiny of imported electric vehicles, particularly Chinese EV buses remotely controllable, due to these vulnerabilities.

• The situation highlights broader geopolitical tensions and trade policy debates surrounding Chinese automakers and their expansion into global markets.

• There's a growing need for stricter regulations and public awareness regarding the data privacy and security implications of Chinese EV buses remotely controllable technology.

Nordic Nations Express Alarm Over Chinese EV Bus Technology

Across the Nordic region, a growing unease is settling in regarding the influx of electric buses manufactured in China. While the push for greener transportation is widely supported, the specific technologies being deployed are raising serious questions. Concerns are mounting over the potential for these remotely controllable vehicles to pose significant security risks.

Security Concerns Regarding Remotely Controllable Features

The primary worry centers on the advanced, often internet-connected, features of these buses. Many modern electric vehicles, especially those designed for fleet operations, come equipped with sophisticated remote management systems. These systems allow operators to monitor performance, track location, and even manage certain functions remotely. However, in the context of Chinese-made buses, this convenience is being viewed through a lens of potential vulnerability. The worry is that these remote access capabilities could be exploited for purposes beyond simple fleet management.

Potential for Espionage and Data Breaches

Intelligence agencies and security experts in several Nordic countries have voiced apprehension about the possibility of these buses acting as conduits for espionage or data exfiltration. The data collected by a public transportation system is extensive, including passenger movements, operational schedules, and potentially even internal communications. If these systems have backdoors or vulnerabilities, this sensitive information could be accessed by foreign entities. The fear is that the buses could be used to gather intelligence on critical infrastructure, public sentiment, or even individual movements, posing a threat to national security.

Government Scrutiny of Imported Electric Vehicles

In response to these growing concerns, governments across the Nordic region are beginning to take a closer look at the electric vehicles being imported, particularly those from China. This increased scrutiny involves:

• Reviewing manufacturer supply chains: Understanding where components are sourced and how the vehicles are assembled.

• Auditing software and connectivity features: Investigating the security protocols and remote access capabilities of the onboard systems.

• Consulting with cybersecurity experts: Seeking professional advice on the potential risks and mitigation strategies.

The rapid adoption of electric buses is a global trend, driven by environmental goals and the desire to modernize public transport. However, the origin of the technology cannot be overlooked. When a significant portion of the vehicle's functionality relies on remote access and data transmission, the security implications become paramount, especially when dealing with geopolitical rivals.

This heightened awareness is leading to calls for stricter import regulations and more rigorous testing protocols for all electric vehicles entering the market, ensuring that the transition to electric mobility does not come at the expense of national security.

Security Vulnerabilities in Chinese EV Buses

It turns out these electric buses imported from China might have some serious security issues. We're talking about features that allow remote access and control, which has folks in Nordic countries pretty worried. The main concern is that these systems could be exploited for espionage or to cause disruptions.

Remote Access and Control Capabilities

One of the biggest red flags is the ability for manufacturers or third parties to remotely access and control various functions of the bus. This isn't just about updating software; it's about having the potential to disable the vehicle, alter its performance, or even take control of its movement. Imagine a bus suddenly stopping or swerving unexpectedly – that's the kind of scenario people are concerned about. This remote access capability has led to urgent work by Danish authorities to close security loopholes found in these vehicles [b693].

Data Collection and Transmission Risks

Beyond direct control, there's the issue of data. These buses collect a lot of information about their operation, routes, and potentially even passengers. If this data isn't properly secured, it could be accessed by unauthorized parties. Think about sensitive operational data falling into the wrong hands, or even personal information being compromised. Norway, for instance, tested a Chinese electric bus by driving it down a mine shaft after discovering a remote disabling vulnerability in its battery-control system [7200].

Cybersecurity Threats to Public Infrastructure

When you scale this up, the implications for public infrastructure are significant. Buses are a key part of transportation networks. If a fleet of these vehicles could be compromised, it could lead to widespread disruption, affecting thousands of commuters and critical services. It's not just about one bus; it's about the potential for a coordinated attack on a city's transit system. This raises questions about how we vet and secure the technology we integrate into our daily lives.

The interconnected nature of modern vehicles means that a vulnerability in one system can have cascading effects, impacting not just the vehicle itself but also the broader network it operates within. This is especially true for public transport, where reliability and safety are paramount.

Geopolitical Tensions and Trade Policy

Tariffs and Trade Restrictions on Chinese EVs

The growing presence of Chinese electric vehicles, particularly buses, in Nordic markets is starting to stir up some serious trade policy discussions. It’s not just about the technology itself anymore; it’s about how these vehicles fit into the global economic picture. Countries are looking at tariffs and trade restrictions, trying to figure out how to level the playing field. This whole situation highlights the complex interplay between national security, economic interests, and international trade agreements.

Alignment of Trade Policies Between Canada and the US

There's a noticeable push for North American countries like Canada and the US to get on the same page regarding trade with China, especially concerning electric vehicles. The idea is to present a more unified front, potentially through joint tariff zones on imports from countries with state-subsidized industries. This coordinated approach aims to counter what’s seen as unfair competition and protect domestic manufacturing. It’s a big shift, moving towards a bloc that can negotiate from a stronger position.

Concerns Over Unfair Trade Practices

Many nations are raising flags about what they perceive as unfair trade practices from China in the EV sector. This includes concerns about heavy government subsidies that allow Chinese manufacturers to produce vehicles at lower costs, potentially undercutting local industries. The worry is that this isn't just about market competition; it's about whether the market is truly free and open. Some are even looking at ways to prevent products from being indirectly imported, like cars made in Mexico by Chinese companies, to avoid existing tariffs. It’s a tricky situation, balancing the benefits of global trade with the need to protect domestic jobs and industries.

The push for stricter regulations and potential tariffs on Chinese EVs isn't solely about economic protectionism. It's increasingly tied to national security concerns, particularly regarding the data these vehicles collect and transmit. Governments are grappling with how to ensure that imported technologies don't pose a risk to critical infrastructure or national security.

Here’s a look at some of the trade-related issues:

• Tariff imposition: Countries are considering or already implementing tariffs on imported EVs to make them less competitive against domestic options.

• Subsidies scrutiny: There's a growing focus on whether Chinese government subsidies for EV production constitute unfair trade practices.

• Trade agreement reviews: Existing trade deals are being re-examined to see if they adequately address the challenges posed by China's growing EV market share.

• Supply chain diversification: Efforts are underway to reduce reliance on single countries for critical EV components, like batteries, often involving new trade partnerships. For instance, the EU is looking to diversify its trade away from China and Russia, seeking new agreements with Central and South American nations, though ratification can be slow due to domestic concerns. diversifying trade is a key goal.

This complex web of trade policies and geopolitical considerations means that the Nordic backlash over Chinese EV buses is just one piece of a much larger global puzzle. It’s a situation that’s constantly evolving, with governments and industries trying to find a balance between embracing new technology and safeguarding their economic and security interests.

Impact on the Automotive Industry

The rise of Chinese electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers, particularly with their advanced, and in some cases, remotely controllable technology, is shaking up the global automotive scene. This isn't just about new players entering the market; it's about how established automakers are reacting to increased competition and evolving consumer demands. The industry is at a crossroads, balancing innovation with security concerns.

Competition from Chinese Automakers

Chinese companies are no longer just assembling vehicles; they're designing and producing sophisticated EVs, often at competitive price points. This puts pressure on traditional automakers to speed up their own EV development and find ways to cut costs without sacrificing quality. It's a tough balancing act, especially when you consider the investment needed for new factories and research.

Strategies to Protect Domestic Manufacturing

Governments and industry leaders are looking at various ways to keep domestic auto manufacturing strong. This includes things like:

• Investing in research and development for next-generation EVs and battery tech.

• Working with unions to manage workforce transitions as production shifts.

• Exploring new trade policies and regulations that level the playing field.

The Role of Electric Vehicle Subsidies

Subsidies play a big part in how EVs are adopted. While they can help consumers afford cleaner vehicles and encourage manufacturers to produce them, there's also debate about their effectiveness and fairness. Some argue that subsidies can distort the market, while others see them as necessary to kickstart a new industry. The recent news about Chinese bus manufacturers having remote access to their vehicles, like the remote-halt capability confirmed in Norway, adds another layer to this discussion. It raises questions about whether subsidies should also consider the security implications of the technology being adopted. This situation highlights the need for a closer look at the entire supply chain and the potential risks associated with imported technology, even when it's part of a push for greener transportation. It's a complex issue with no easy answers, and it's definitely something to keep an eye on as the global electric vehicle market continues to grow and change.

The automotive sector is undergoing a massive transformation. The push for electric vehicles, coupled with the emergence of new global competitors, means that companies must adapt quickly. This includes not only developing new technologies but also rethinking supply chains and manufacturing processes to remain competitive and secure.

Concerns Over Data Privacy and National Security

It's not just about the buses running on electricity; there's a whole other layer of worry when we talk about these Chinese electric vehicles, especially the buses. The big issue here is what kind of information these vehicles are collecting and where it's all going. The potential for these buses to act as mobile surveillance platforms is a serious concern for national security.

Chinese EV Buses Remotely Controllable Data Flows

These buses aren't just simple machines; they're packed with sensors and communication tech. Think GPS, cameras, microphones, and all sorts of operational data. The worry is that this data, which can include passenger movements, operational routes, and even internal conversations, could be accessed remotely. Bus operators in places like Denmark and Norway are already looking into this, trying to figure out exactly what's happening with their fleets. It’s like having a constant stream of information flowing out, and we don't always know who's on the receiving end or what they're doing with it. This isn't just about a company wanting to improve its service; it opens the door to much bigger questions about privacy and control.

Potential for Foreign Interference

When you have vehicles connected to networks that can be controlled or monitored from afar, it creates a pathway for foreign entities. Imagine a scenario where sensitive information about public transport infrastructure, daily routines of citizens, or even the location of government officials could be gathered. This kind of intelligence could be used for all sorts of purposes, from economic espionage to more direct forms of interference. It’s a bit like leaving the back door unlocked on a national scale. The thought that a foreign government could potentially gain access to this data, or even influence the operation of public transport, is pretty unsettling.

Protecting Critical Infrastructure from Cyber Threats

Public transportation systems are a vital part of a nation's infrastructure. If these systems are compromised, it can have widespread effects. We've seen reports about cyberattacks targeting energy grids, and the same principles apply here. A disruption or a data breach involving a large fleet of buses could cause significant chaos. It’s not just about the individual bus; it’s about the entire network. Ensuring that these vehicles and their associated systems are secure is becoming a major challenge. We need to make sure that the technology we adopt doesn't inadvertently create new vulnerabilities that could be exploited.

The increasing interconnectedness of modern vehicles, especially those integrated into public services, presents a complex security challenge. The ability for remote access and data transmission, while offering operational benefits, simultaneously expands the potential attack surface for malicious actors. This necessitates a thorough re-evaluation of security protocols and data governance frameworks to safeguard sensitive information and maintain the integrity of critical infrastructure.

Regulatory Responses and Public Scrutiny

Government Investigations into EV Technology

Governments are starting to look closer at these electric buses, especially the ones coming from China. It's not just about whether they run well, but what's going on under the hood, so to speak. There's a growing worry that these vehicles might have hidden capabilities that could be used for spying or collecting data without anyone knowing. This has led to official inquiries in several countries, trying to figure out just how much control manufacturers or foreign governments might have over these buses once they're on our streets.

Calls for Stricter Import Regulations

Because of these security worries, there's a push to make the rules for importing electric vehicles, particularly buses, much tougher. People are asking for more transparency about the software and hardware used in these vehicles. Some are suggesting that we need to certify that the technology is safe and doesn't have backdoors for remote access. It's like wanting a guarantee that the car you buy isn't secretly reporting your every move back to someone else.

• Mandatory security audits for all imported EVs.

• Clearer labeling of software origins and data handling practices.

• Development of national cybersecurity standards for public transport vehicles.

Public Awareness of Security Risks

It's not just the governments and big companies talking about this. Regular folks are starting to get wind of the potential problems too. News stories and discussions online are making people think twice about the technology they're using every day. When you're riding a bus, you assume it's just a bus, but the idea that it could be a data collection device or a remote-controlled asset is pretty unsettling. This growing public awareness is putting more pressure on officials to act and make sure our transportation systems are secure.

The speed at which electric vehicle technology is advancing, especially with global supply chains, means that regulations often lag behind. This creates a window where potential vulnerabilities can be introduced before they are even understood or addressed by lawmakers.

Country/Region	Investigation Status	Key Concerns
Nordic Nations	Active	Remote control, data privacy, espionage potential
Canada	Under review	Supply chain security, data integrity
United States	Rulemaking phase	Inflation Reduction Act compliance, national security
European Union	Monitoring	Data protection, critical infrastructure security

The Global Electric Vehicle Market Landscape

It's pretty wild how fast the electric vehicle (EV) scene is changing, right? China is really leading the charge here, making up a huge chunk of the global market. We're talking about them producing a massive amount of EVs, and companies like BYD are popping up everywhere with their affordable models. It's not just China, though. Other countries are seeing big jumps in EV sales too, though some places like Germany and France have actually seen sales dip a bit lately. Weird, huh?

China's Dominance in EV Production

China has become the undisputed heavyweight in EV manufacturing. They're not just making cars for themselves; they're exporting them in massive numbers. This dominance is built on a few key things:

• Scale of Production: Chinese automakers have the capacity to produce millions of vehicles annually.

• Battery Technology: Significant investment in battery tech, especially lithium iron phosphate, gives them an edge.

• Vertical Integration: Many companies control their supply chains from start to finish, cutting costs and speeding up innovation.

This setup means they can offer EVs at prices that are tough for other manufacturers to match. It's a big reason why their market share is so high, both at home and abroad. Global electric car exports saw a nearly 20% jump in 2024, with Chinese manufacturers playing a major role.

Expansion of Chinese Automakers into New Markets

We're seeing Chinese EV brands show up in places they weren't before. Mexico, for instance, has seen a huge increase in EV sales, largely thanks to Chinese companies. It's not just about selling cars; it's about establishing a presence and competing directly with established players. This global push is happening even as trade discussions get complicated.

The sheer size of the Chinese market means that companies operating there gain experience and economies of scale that are hard to replicate elsewhere. This allows them to develop and refine their products rapidly, making them highly competitive on a global stage.

Competition for Critical Mineral Supply Chains

Making all these EVs requires a lot of raw materials, like lithium and cobalt. China also has a strong hand in securing and processing many of these critical minerals. This creates a complex situation for other countries trying to build their own EV industries. It's a race to get access to these resources, and it's becoming a major point of discussion in international trade and manufacturing strategies. The availability and cost of these materials will shape who leads in the EV future.

Mineral	China's Role in Processing (%)	Global Production Share (%)
Lithium	~60%	~15%
Cobalt	~65%	~7%
Rare Earths	~85%	~60%

Note: Percentages are approximate and can fluctuate based on market conditions and reporting periods.

Technological Advancements and Security Implications

Vertical Integration in Chinese EV Manufacturing

Chinese EV makers are really going all-in on controlling their entire production process. Think batteries, software, and even the chips that go into the cars. This vertical integration means they can move fast and keep costs down, which is a big deal in the competitive EV market. But it also means that if there's a security flaw in one part of their system, it could potentially affect everything else. It's like building a house where the same company makes the bricks, the wiring, and the plumbing – if there's a problem with the pipes, it might be harder to fix if the same folks who installed them also made them.

Advancements in Battery Technology

Battery tech is changing so quickly, and China is at the forefront of a lot of this. They're developing batteries that charge faster, last longer, and are cheaper to make. This is great for consumers, making EVs more practical and affordable. However, these advanced batteries often come with complex management systems. These systems need to communicate with the rest of the vehicle, and that communication pathway is another place where security could be a concern. We're talking about systems that manage charging, temperature, and overall battery health. Any vulnerability here could have serious consequences, from reduced performance to, in worst-case scenarios, safety issues. It's a constant race to innovate while also making sure these new technologies are secure.

The Double-Edged Sword of Innovation

It's pretty clear that innovation in the EV space, especially from China, is a mixed bag. On one hand, you have incredible progress that's pushing the whole industry forward. We're seeing more accessible and capable electric vehicles hitting the market faster than many expected. On the other hand, this rapid development, particularly with integrated software and remote control features, opens up new avenues for security risks. The very systems designed to make EVs smarter and more convenient can also become entry points for malicious actors.

Here's a quick look at some of the areas where this tension plays out:

• Connectivity: EVs are becoming more connected, not just to charging stations but also to cloud services for updates and diagnostics. This constant data flow is a prime target.

• Software Updates: Over-the-air (OTA) updates are convenient, but if the update mechanism isn't secure, it could be hijacked to install malicious software.

• Remote Access: Features allowing remote control or monitoring of vehicle functions, while useful, create potential backdoors if not properly secured.

The push for advanced features and rapid development cycles in the EV sector, particularly in China, presents a complex security challenge. While technological leaps are undeniable, the integration of sophisticated, interconnected systems requires a parallel advancement in cybersecurity measures to prevent exploitation. The speed of innovation can sometimes outpace the implementation of robust security protocols, leaving potential vulnerabilities unaddressed.

This situation highlights the need for a more thorough look at the security of these vehicles, especially when they are intended for public use or critical infrastructure. It's not just about the car itself, but the entire ecosystem it operates within. Understanding these technological advancements is key to grasping the full scope of the security concerns being raised by Nordic nations and others. It's a reminder that as technology advances, so too must our defenses. We need to be sure that the convenience and efficiency offered by these new EVs don't come at the cost of our national security.

International Cooperation and Trade Agreements

Navigating Trade Disputes with China

It's getting pretty complicated out there with all these international trade deals, especially when it comes to China and its growing presence in markets like electric vehicles. Nordic countries, for instance, are raising some serious flags about the tech in Chinese-made buses. They're worried about what these vehicles can do remotely and if that opens the door for spying or data leaks. This isn't just a small hiccup; it's part of a bigger picture where countries are trying to figure out how to balance economic ties with national security. We've seen similar concerns pop up in other regions too, making it a global headache.

Securing Supply Chains for EV Components

When we talk about electric vehicles, the supply chain is a huge deal. China plays a massive role in providing many of the raw materials and components needed for EV batteries and manufacturing. This concentration of supply can be a point of vulnerability. Countries are looking at ways to diversify where they get these parts from, or even how to produce more of them domestically. It's a tough balancing act, trying to keep costs down while also making sure you're not overly reliant on one single source, especially when geopolitical tensions are on the rise. It's like trying to build a sturdy house when you're not sure where all your building materials will come from.

Balancing Economic Interests and Security Concerns

This whole situation with Chinese EVs really highlights the tightrope governments have to walk. On one hand, there's the economic benefit of trade, lower prices for consumers, and the push towards greener transportation. On the other, there are genuine worries about data security, potential foreign interference, and protecting critical infrastructure. It's not a simple black-and-white issue. Different countries are approaching it with varying levels of caution and different strategies. For example, some are pushing for stricter import rules, while others are trying to negotiate better terms. It's a complex puzzle with a lot of moving parts.

The push for electric vehicles is undeniable, but the way we get there matters. When new technology comes with built-in questions about who's in control and what data is being collected, it forces a hard look at our trade policies and security protocols. It’s not just about the cars themselves, but the entire ecosystem they operate within.

Here's a look at some of the trade dynamics at play:

• Dispute Resolution: Countries are using established trade agreements to settle disagreements. For instance, Canada and Mexico recently won a dispute against the U.S. regarding auto parts rules under the CUSMA agreement. This shows that while tensions exist, there are mechanisms to address them.

• Regional Agreements: Trade pacts like the one between the EU and the UK have faced challenges, with sectors like fishing protesting quota changes. This indicates that even established trade relationships require ongoing negotiation and can cause friction.

• Diversification Efforts: The EU, for example, is working to diversify its trade away from certain countries, aiming to build more resilient economic partnerships. This involves complex negotiations and can be slowed by domestic concerns, as seen in some trade deals with South American nations.

It's a global game of chess, and everyone's trying to make their next move while keeping an eye on potential threats and opportunities. The security investigation in Norway and Denmark is just one piece of this larger international puzzle.

Future of Electric Mobility and Security

So, where does all this leave us with electric vehicles and, you know, keeping things secure? It's a big question, right? We're seeing a lot of changes happening fast. On one hand, electric cars and buses are becoming more common, which is great for the environment. But on the other hand, all this new tech, especially from places like China, brings up some real worries about who's in control and what data is being collected.

Ensuring Secure and Reliable EV Infrastructure

Making sure our electric vehicle charging stations and the vehicles themselves are safe from hackers is becoming super important. It's not just about stopping someone from messing with your car's entertainment system; we're talking about the potential for serious disruption to public transport and even the power grid. The integration of software into vehicle operation means cybersecurity is now directly linked to physical safety. Think about it: if someone could remotely control a bus's brakes or steering, that's a terrifying thought. We need strong defenses built into the very core of these systems, right down to the motor level, to keep EVs running safely and reliably. This is why understanding the risks associated with vehicle powertrains is so important.

The Evolving Threat Landscape

Cyber threats are always changing, and that's definitely true for electric vehicles. As cars get more connected, they become bigger targets. We've seen issues with vehicle software before, and with EVs, the stakes are even higher. It's not just about personal data anymore; it's about the potential for foreign interference or even attacks on critical infrastructure. We need to stay ahead of these threats, constantly updating security measures and being aware of new vulnerabilities as they pop up.

Building Trust in Electric Vehicle Technology

Ultimately, for electric mobility to really take off, people need to trust the technology. That means not only making sure the cars work well and are affordable but also that they are secure. Companies like Ford are trying to address consumer concerns, even if they've had to adjust their EV plans, focusing on educating people about the benefits and realities of EVs. They're also looking at how to make EVs profitable, which is a challenge for many automakers right now. The push for more charging stations, supported by government initiatives, is a good step, but the security aspect can't be an afterthought. We need clear regulations and transparent practices from manufacturers to build that confidence. It's a complex puzzle, but getting it right is key for the future of how we get around.

The push for electric vehicles is undeniable, but the rush to adopt new technology, especially from international sources, needs a careful eye. We're talking about more than just convenience; we're talking about national security and the integrity of our public systems. It's a balancing act between embracing innovation and protecting ourselves from potential risks.

What's Next?

So, the Nordic countries are hitting the brakes on these Chinese electric buses, and it's all because of worries about who's really in control. It seems like the ability for these buses to be remotely managed has folks spooked, raising questions about data security and potential outside interference. While China is a huge player in the EV game, and companies like BYD are expanding fast, this situation shows that trust and transparency are just as important as battery range. It’s a tricky balance, and as more countries look to go electric, they’ll be watching closely to see how these security concerns play out and what it means for the future of transportation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are Nordic countries worried about Chinese electric buses?

Some Nordic countries are concerned because the electric buses made in China can be controlled remotely. This raises worries about security, like the possibility of spying or data theft, and if these buses could be used for bad things by outsiders.

What kind of security problems could these buses cause?

The main worry is that someone could access and control the buses from far away. This could lead to sensitive information being collected and sent out, or even cyberattacks that could mess with important public services that rely on these buses.

Are other countries also concerned about Chinese EVs?

Yes, countries like the United States and Canada are also looking closely at Chinese electric vehicles. They are putting higher taxes, called tariffs, on them and are thinking about rules to make sure trade is fair and to protect their own car companies.

How might Chinese EVs affect car companies in other countries?

Chinese car companies are making a lot of EVs and selling them at good prices, sometimes with help from their government. This makes it hard for car companies in places like the U.S. and Canada to compete. They are worried about losing business and jobs if they can't keep up.

What is the main privacy concern with these buses?

The big worry is that data from the buses, like where they go or how they operate, could be sent back to China. This information could potentially be used for spying or to interfere with important services, which is a risk to national safety.

What are governments doing about these security worries?

Governments are starting to investigate the technology used in these electric vehicles. They are also thinking about making stricter rules for importing them and trying to make the public more aware of the potential security risks.

Is China a big player in the electric car market?

Yes, China is a huge leader in making electric cars and batteries. They produce a large percentage of the world's EVs and are trying to sell them in many different countries, which is making other countries compete more.

What's being done to make sure electric vehicles are safe in the future?

People are working on making sure the technology and systems for electric vehicles are secure and reliable. This includes dealing with new kinds of threats and building trust so people feel safe using electric cars and buses, no matter where they are made.